關鍵字：2008,英國,慢性腎臟病,指南,早期識別,管理,CKD,定義,分期,貧血,高血壓,腎小球濾過率

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簡介：CKD is common, usually asymptomatic, often unrecognised and as a result subject to deficiencies in appropriate management and late referral of people with advanced disease to specialist services. A number of tools have recently been introduced to help identify people with CKD and aid early intervention and appropriate management to reduce/prevent complications and progression of CKD.