Vascular access remains a key component of haemodialysis. The ideal vascular? access should provide safe and effective therapy by enabling the removal and return? of blood via an extracorporeal circuit. Vascular access should be easy to use, reliable? and have minimal risk to the individual receiving haemodialysis. However, the? provision of good quality access, whilst it is a fundamental aspect of the treatment of? haemodialysis patients, remains difficult to achieve.

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